Health systems in Africa face unique challenges during epidemics due to resource constraints and infrastructure gaps. A qualitative analysis of government documents and expert interviews focusing on the public health sector's preparedness and response mechanisms. Nigeria’s healthcare system was inadequately equipped to manage SARS outbreaks; there were insufficient trained personnel and limited diagnostic facilities, leading to delays in containment efforts. The study underscores the need for enhanced training programmes and infrastructure development within Nigeria's health sector to improve epidemic response capabilities. Investment in healthcare workforce development and strengthening of diagnostic capacities are recommended as key interventions.