Methodological Evaluation of Off-Grid Community Systems in Kenya: A Randomized Field Trial for Cost-Efficiency Measurement,

This study examines off-grid community systems in Kenya to evaluate their cost-effectiveness through a randomized field trial. A randomized field trial was employed to assess the performance and cost-effectiveness of off-grid community systems in Kenya. Data collection included surveys and financial records from randomly selected communities over two years. In one-third (30%) of tested communities, the installed solar systems provided reliable electricity at a significantly lower average cost per household ($15/mo) compared to conventional grid extensions. The randomized trial demonstrated that off-grid community systems can be more cost-effective and efficient than traditional grid solutions in certain contexts within Kenya. Policy makers are encouraged to consider the results of this study when planning future energy infrastructure investments, particularly for remote or underserved communities. The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.