Multilevel Regression Analysis to Evaluate Rural Clinics Systems and Measure Clinical Outcomes in Ethiopia: An Assessment of Systemic Efficiency and Quality

Rural clinics in Ethiopia face challenges related to resource availability and healthcare delivery efficiency. A multilevel regression model was employed to analyse data from 100 rural clinics across Ethiopia. The model accounts for both within-clinic (patient-level) and clinic (clinic-level) variability. The analysis revealed that patient satisfaction scores increased by 5% with every $10 increase in clinic funding, indicating a positive correlation between resource allocation and service quality. The multilevel regression model successfully identified key factors influencing clinical outcomes within rural clinics, providing actionable insights for policy makers. Policy recommendations include targeted investments to improve healthcare infrastructure and training programmes for clinic staff. multilevel regression analysis, rural clinics, Ethiopia, clinical outcomes Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.