E-Voucher Systems and Their Impact on Food Security and Economic Empowerment Amongst Smallholder Women Farmers in Uganda

E-voucher systems are digital payment platforms used to distribute subsidies or benefits electronically. A systematic review of peer-reviewed articles from to was conducted using databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar. Studies assessing the impact of e-vouchers were included if they focused specifically on smallholder women farmers in Uganda. The analysis revealed a significant increase (p<0.05) in food security levels among participants who received e-vouchers, with an average improvement rate of 23%. E-voucher systems have the potential to enhance economic empowerment and food security for smallholder women farmers in Uganda. Further research should explore long-term effects and cost-effectiveness of these systems. Model estimation used $\hat{\theta}=argmin_{\theta}\sum_i\ell(y_i,f_\theta(x_i))+\lambda\lVert\theta\rVert_2^2$, with performance evaluated using out-of-sample error.