Home-Based Cardiopulmonary Exercise Interventions for HIV-Positive Youth in Kampala Slums: A Perspective from Uganda's Urban Context,

Home-based cardiopulmonary exercise interventions have shown promise in improving cardiovascular health among HIV-positive populations globally. However, their application in urban slums remains underexplored. A cross-sectional study design was employed to assess participants' baseline fitness levels and their responses to a structured home exercise programme. Data collection included self-reported physical activity logs and medical records review. Participants reported an average of 5 days per week of moderate-intensity exercise, with significant improvements in maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) compared to pre-intervention levels (p < 0.05). Home-based exercises were well-received and promoted adherence among HIV-positive youth in Kampala slums, warranting further research into long-term health outcomes. Future studies should explore the integration of these programmes with existing healthcare services to enhance sustainability and impact. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.